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ObjectiveTo clarify the scientific validity of in vivo pharmacokinetic determination of the whole drug composition in Shenbai nanosuspension in rats， and to provide methodological guidance and theoretical basis for the in vivo study of multi-component complex system of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） preparations. MethodThe concentration of the overall components， mainly total saponins and total polysaccharides in Shenbai decoction and Shenbai nanosuspension， was determined in rat plasma at different times by area under the absorbance-wavelength curve method（AUAWC）， and the concentration of individual ginsenoside Rg1 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the methodology was verified. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the whole component were compared with those of ginsenoside Rg1 to evaluate the in vivo operational characteristics of the two preparations. ResultThe methodological investigations of AUAWC and HPLC were in accordance with the requirements. AUAWC analysis showed that the overall components in both the decoction group and the nanosuspension group showed a one-compartment model， with half-life（t1/2） of 2.43 h and 2.04 h， respectively. The relative bioavailability of Shenbai nanosuspension was 138.99%. HPLC assay showed that ginsenoside Rg1 in the decoction group and the nanosuspension group showed a two-compartment model， with distribution half-life（t1/2α） of 0.13 h and 2.55 h， and elimination half-life（t1/2β） were 14.28 h and 3.85 h， respectively. The relative bioavailability of Shenbai nanosuspension was 127.49%. Compared with Shenbai decoction， the time to peak（tmax）， peak concentration（Cmax） and area under the drug-time curve（AUC） of the overall components and ginsenoside Rg1 in Shenbai nanosuspension were increased. ConclusionThe established AUAWC can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of the overall components of TCM preparations， which is complementary to the results of individual components measured by HPLC， and can provide useful reference for the in vivo study of new dosage forms of TCM.
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As a typical human pathogenic fungus,
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Objective To study the CT findings of ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumor (SLCT),to improve the understanding of SLCT imaging features.Methods CT images of 6 cases were reviewed retrospectively.CT plain scan was performed in 6 patients;CT enhancement scan was performed in 4 patients.Results All tumors were unilateral.On non-enhanced CT,5 cases showed cystic-solid masses with clear margin,and 1 case showed solid mass.After contrast administration,the cystic walls,septum and solid portions showed progressively obvious enhancement.Of these 6 cases, 3 cases showed increased testosterone levels,2 cases had high prolactin level,and 1 case was with raised AFP in plasma.Positive expressions of immunohistochemical markers were as following:Inhibin-α (6 cases),Vimentin (4 cases),Calretinin (2 cases), CD99 (1 case), Ki-67 (1 case), CK20 (1 case).Conclusion CT findings of SLCT have some certain characteristics, especially a unilateral, cystic-solid and well-defined mass, and marked solid part enhancement on contrast CT.Combined with clinical findings, especially increased plasma testosterone levels, SLCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of regional tumors.
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Objective To study the CT and MRI features of malignant adrenal tumors(MAT)for improving the understanding of the disease and imaging diagnosis.Methods CT and MRI findings were retrospectively reviewed in 1 7 patients with MAT proved by surgical pathology.CT scan was performed in 1 7 cases,and CT enhancement scan was performed in 14 cases;MRI scan was comple-ted in 3 cases,and MRI enhancement scan was performed in 2 cases;CT and MRI scans were examinated in 3 cases.Results Among 1 7 patients with MAT,there were 3 adrenocortical carcinomas,2 neuroblastomas,1 malignant pheochromocytoma,1 lymphoma,1 leiomyosarcoma,and 9 adrenal metastatic tumors.The CT and MRI characteristics in size,shape,boundary,density or signal,and en-hancement features,can discriminate MAT.Conclusion CT and MRI findings of some MAT have a certain characteristic;The ima-ging findings combined with clinical data are helpful in correctly making preoperative diagnosis.
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To investigate the effect of treasure pill pretreatment on hypoxic brain injury Fas and Fas L protein expression.Methods:Newborn 7d Wistar rats 200,male or female,were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=40):normal control group, model group 1h hypoxia(Ⅰm-12h,Ⅰm-24h,Ⅰm-48h,Ⅰm-72h),model group 4h hypoxia(Ⅳm-12h,Ⅳm-24h,Ⅳm-48h,Ⅳm-72h), hypoxic 1h treasure pill treatment group(ⅠT-14h,ⅠT-24h,ⅠT-48h,ⅠT-72h),hypoxic 4h treasure pill treatment group(ⅣT-14h,ⅣT-24 h ,ⅣT-48 h ,ⅣT-72 h ).The newborn Wistar rats were placed in hypoxia chamber of 8%O2+92%N2 ( V/V) for establishment the model of neonatal rats with hypoxia.Before modeling continuous 7 d once-daily oral administration of saline and treasure pill , during hypoxia also dose ,after hypoxia 12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h animals were sacrificed blood and brain tissues tested.By ELISA to detect the protein levels of Fas and Fas L in serum and brain tissue;by immunohistochemistry method to detect the expression of Fas and Fas L in rat brain tissue.Results:Compared with normal control group ,other four groups the protein content and protein expression of Fas and Fas L are in the 12h time points after hypoxic significantly increased ,and 24 h time point that pealed at statistically significant ( P<0.01 ) ,model group was significantly higher than the treatment group at each time point ;model groups in 48 h,72 h time point the protein expression and protein content of Fas and Fas L was less than 12 h time point but still significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.01 );treasure pill groups in 48 h,72 h time point the protein expression and protein content of Fas and Fas L was less than 12 h time point ,and slightly higher than the normal control group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Treasures pill can cut hypoxic brain damage in rats,the positive expression of Fas and Fas L protein content and protein ,and thus the hypoxic brain injury has a protective effect.
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Objective:To explore the effects of lanthanum nitrate low-dose on 2 type diabetic rat pancreas INSR ,IRS1 and apoptosis of cells.Methods:The 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (10) and model group(40),and were given normal diet and high-fat high-sugar diet.After 8 weeks,making the module intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,30 mg/kg) rats to induce type 2 diabetes model ,after a successful modeling experimental animals were divided into three groups namely the control group,diabetic model group and La(NO3)3 treatment group,three groups of rats were given daily saline,saline,lanthanum (0.2 mg/kg) nitrate administered a month ,then were sacrificed blood and pancreas.By radioimmunoassay to detect glucose ,insulin levels(in rat serum);by ELISA to detect the protein content of INSR and IRS 1(in rat serum);by immunohistochemistry to detect the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS1(in rat pancreas tissue);TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was used to detect pancreatic tissue percentage of apoptosis;HE staining was used to detect pathological changes of the pancreas.Results: Compared with the normal control group,diabetic model rats blood glucose and pancreatic tissue apoptosis rate were significantly increased ,blood insulin,INSR and IRS1 protein content and pancreatic tissue the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 were significantly reduced ,difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01 );La( NO3 ) 3 treatment group blood glucose and pancreatic tissue apoptosis rate were slightly elevated ,blood insulin , INSR and IRS1 protein content and pancreatic tissue the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 were slightly reduced significantly(P<0.05);Light microscopy showed pancreatic tissue in the control group closely arranged ,plump,large volume islet pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats in groups evacuate more smaller islet volume ,pancreatic tissue lanthanum nitrate basic set tight,plump,slightly islet volume small.Conclusion:Oral lanthanum nitrate can be lowered blood sugar levels and inhibiting apoptosis of pancreatic tissue ,increased insulin levels and the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 in pancreatic tissue ,have a protective effect on diabetic rat pancreas .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of five diarylheptanoids (1-5) isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various models such as scavenging superoxide anions and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, as well as protecting of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were employed to assay the antioxidative effects of the diarylheptanoids. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1-5 were measured with MTT assays.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The test compounds (1-5) showed promising DPPH inhibitory activities, and compound 5 exhibited the strongest DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of (22.6+/-2.4) micromol x L(-1). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed potential anti-peroxidative effects with inhibitory rates of (66.3+/-15.4)%, (68.7+/-15.8)% and (72.2+/-10.6)%, respectively, at 100 microg x mL(-1). It could be observed that compounds 1, 3 and 4 demonstrated significant neuroprotective activities in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compound 3 exhibited certain cytotoxicities against human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K562) and its adriamycin-resistant cells (K562/ADR) with IC50 values of (34.9+/-0.6), (50.6+/-23.5) micromol x L(-1), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In vitro results demonstrated that five diarylheptanoids (1-5) isolated from the roots of Z. officinale were capable of scavenging radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting PC12 cells against the insult by H2O2. Additionally, compound 3 could inhibit the growth of K562 and K562/ADR cells.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Rats , Antioxidants , Toxicity , Cell Proliferation , Cytotoxins , Toxicity , Diarylheptanoids , Metabolism , Toxicity , Free Radicals , Metabolism , Ginger , Chemistry , Hydrogen Peroxide , Metabolism , K562 Cells , Oils, Volatile , Pharmacology , PC12 Cells , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To study the expression of nitricoxide(NO) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the animals with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis(AS) in order to investigate the relationship of hypercholesterolemia with AS and vascular endothelium function and ICAM-1. Methods Fed rabbits with high-cholesterol diet to establish the models of hypercholesterolemia and AS,and the control group was fed with normal diet;Blood was collected from vein in 0,8 and 16 weeks in two groups,and the concentrations of TC,LDL,NO and ICAM-1 were measured;The correlation among TC,LDL and NO,ICAM-1 was observed;After 16 weeks,the rabbits were put to death,and immunohistochemistry analysis and RT-PCR were performed to measure the expression of ICAM-1 in the aortas.Results TC and LDL in 8 weeks were higher in the high-cholestrol diet group,but NO and ICAM-1 had no change;NO decreased and ICAM-1 increased in 16 weeks(P
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Objective To study the effects of atorvastatin on the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma(PPAR?)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)in atherosclerosis(AS) tissue.Methods Atherosclerotic rabbit models on aortas were established with the high-cholesterol diet,and animals were divided into control,model and atorvastatin groups(n=8).The expressions of PPAR? and MMP-9 and the effects of atorvastatin on them were observed by means of immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of PPAR? in model group(14.38%?2.58%)was higher than that in control group(7.82%?0.96%)(P
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Objective:To probe into the long-term effect of La(NO3)3 fed orally on gast ric mucosa of rats.Methods:The gastric mucosa of rats was studied after La(NO3)3 was administe red orally for a long-term,by the use of ordinary histological technology and m orphometry.Results:In the groups of 20 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1,the cytopl asma of more parietal cells lying in the top of the gastric gland was loose.Proporti on of cell types of the gastric gland was related to the doses. The acid mucus l evel of the mucous neck cells of male rats in the groups of 20 mg·kg-1 an d 10 m·kg-1 decreased. In the groups of 2 mg2kg-1, 0.2 mg·kg -1 and 0.1 mg*kg-1,the acid mucus level of the mucous neck cells of both male and female rats increased.Conclusion:La(NO3)3 fed orally for a long-term could injure gastric muc osa in higher dose (20 mg·kg-1,10 mg·kg-1) but promote the protect ive action of the gastric mucosa in lower dose (0.2 mg·kg-1,0.1 mg·kg- 1).
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Object To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Notoseris gracilipes Shih Methods Compounds were isolated by various column chromatography and identified by spectral analysis Results Eight sesquiterpene lactones and four other compounds were isolated and identified as jacquilenin (Ⅰ), scorzoside (Ⅱ), ixerisoside D (Ⅲ), austricin (Ⅳ), notoserolide A (Ⅴ), crepidiaside A (Ⅵ), crepidiaside B (Ⅶ), and lactuside B (Ⅷ) The other four were 6, 7 dihydroxycoumarin (Ⅸ), cichoriin (Ⅹ), luteolin 7 glucoside (Ⅺ), and daucosterol ( ⅩⅡ ) Among them, compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed antibacterial activity against Bacillu cereus AS 1 1688 Conclusion All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time
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Objective To explore the effect of low dose Changle (rare earth complex) on the antioxidation in rats kidney. Methods The activities of Cu-Zn SOD,CAT,LPO and GSH-Px in the rat kidney were determined by biochemical methods after the rats (Wistar rats) were given different doses of Changle by gavage for 6 months respectively. Results The activity of Cu-Zn SOD and CAT in the 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg groups reduced significantly,but the activity of LPO and GSH-Px increased. The activity of Cu-Zn SOD and CAT in the 2.0,0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg groups increased,but LPO reduced. Conclusion High exposure to Changle may enhance the peroxidation,but low exposure to Changle may enhance the antioxidation in rat kidney.
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Objective To investigate the long-term effects of low dosage Changle intake on the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen of rats. Methods The levels of serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen in rat were measured by radioimmunoassay and microscopy image analysis system after 6 and 7 months of administrated with Changle(0. 1, 0.2, 2.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Results Taken Changle for 6 months, the serum insulin level in the 10.0 mg/kg group reduced, hepatocyte glycogen level increased in the female and the male rats. In 0.1, 0.2, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, the serum insulin level increased and the hepatocyte glycogen level decreased in the male. After 6 months of the Changle treatment, the treatment was then followed by normal food, one month later, the level of serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen returned to the normal level. Conclusion A long-term low dosage exposure of Changle can induce the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen changes in rats and the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen levels may return to the normal levels after a short time of stopping Changle intake.